The basic difference between a leasehold property and the freehold property is the ‘ownership’ of the Property. In a leasehold property, technically the ownership remains with the concerned Authority or the government (as the case maybe). But this does not bar the individual owner (known as Lessee in this case) from selling or dealing with the leasehold property as he/she may deem fit. In a leasehold property, the Lessee has to basically execute a tripartite sub- lease deed executed between the Lessee, the Purchaser and the Lessor (which is the concerned Authority or the government).
Whereas in a freehold property, the owner of the Property is the final owner of the Property and can sell/lease/mortgage the Property as he/she may deem fit.
Power of Attorney is the right/authorization given by a property- owner to someone through whom the owner transfers the power and rights to deal with the Property to his/her chosen power of attorney. A power of attorney can be either a co-owner of the property, a blood- relative of the owner or any other person not related to that property or the owner.
There are two types of power of attorney that can be granted namely ‘General Power of Attorney’ wherein a property owner gives ‘general’ rights to his/her chosen attorney. These include but are not limited to sell, lease, sub-lease etc. the Property as the Power of Attorney deems fit. The other type is ‘Special Power of Attorney’ wherein only a ‘special’ or ‘specific’ right is given by the owner to his/her chosen Power of Attorney.
A title deed is a document that proves the right of a person to an immovable property. A person can acquire an immovable property by various means and a properly stamped and executed document evidencing the transaction is a title document. For example a sale deed, a release deed, a relinquishment deed, a gift deed, a family settlement deed, a partition deed, a will all are evidence of how a person has acquired an immovable property and may be called title deeds.
Sale Deed also known as conveyance deed, is a document by which the seller transfers his right to the purchaser, who, in turn, acquires an absolute ownership of the property. This document is executed subsequent to the execution of the sale agreement and after compliance of various terms and conditions detailed in the sale agreement.
It gives you a fair idea whether there is any litigation or encumbrances in the property under consideration
1. Special Power of Attorney 2. General Power of Attorney. Both can be revocable or irrevocable and should confer the authority as desired by the person issuing the POA.
Every document which is required to be registered under the Registration Act, except a Will, should be presented at the office of the Sub Registrar for the registration within the prescribed time of four months from the date of its execution. A document is registered with a sub-registrar appointed by the State Government, under the Indian Registration Act, 1908.
The Sub-Registrar of the area, in whose jurisdiction the property is located, is the appropriate authority for knowing the market value of the property
The valuation process evaluates the market value of the property. Demand and supply forces operating in the market, as well as other factors like type of property, quality of construction, its location, the local infrastructure available, maintenance, are all taken into consideration before the market value is decided
A freehold property (plot or a flat) is one where there is a whole and sole owner(s), ownership is full and unconditional (within the provisions of the laws of the land) and there is no lessor / lessee involved.
Yes. Market value of an immovable property is available for factors such as age of the building, lift, non-RCC structure, locality (e.g. slum land).
Stamp duty is payable on the market value or consideration amount mentioned in the instrument, whichever is higher. Ideally stamp duty should be paid prior to signing the instrument.
An instrument, which is not registered, is inadmissible as evidence.
The following documents are required to be registered compulsorily under the Indian Registration Act, 1908:
(a)Instrument of gift of immovable property;
(b)Other non-testamentary instruments which purport or operate to create, declare, assign, limit or extinguish, whether in future or in present, any right, title or interest, whether vested or contingent, of the value of one hundred rupees and upwards to or in immovable property.
(c)Non-testamentary instruments which acknowledge the receipt or payment of any consideration on account of creation, declaration, assignment, limitation or extinction of any such right, title or interest;
(d)Lease of immovable property from year to year or for any term exceeding one year or reserving a yearly rent. But the State Government may publish an order in official gazette exempting any district or a part of a district or a lease that does not exceed the term of five years and the annual rent of which does no exceed Rs. 50/- .
(e)Non-testamentary instruments transferring or assigning any decree or order of a court or any award when such decree or order or award purports or operates to create, declare assign, limit or extinguish, whether in future or in present, any right, title or interest, whether vested or contingent, of the value of one hundred rupees and upwards to or in immovable property.
(f)Authorities to adopt a son that is not conferred by a will.
Generally, the consumer i.e. purchaser or lessee of the property is liable to pay stamp duty unless there is any contract to the contrary then the stamp duty will be paid according to the terms of the contract e.g. the stamp can be payable in equal shares.
Market value of the property as ascertained by the stamp duty authorities on the basis of a ''Ready Recknor'' which gives the per sq. mtr. value of each village, zone and sub-zone . But the ready recknor is not conclusive and is merely a guideline for the stamp office.
Real estate agent: Anyone who earns a real estate license can be called a real estate agent, whether that license is as a sales professional, an associate broker or a broker. State requirements vary, but in all states you must take a minimum number of classes and pass a test to earn your license.
Real estate broker: A person who has taken education beyond the agent level as required by state laws and has passed a broker’s license exam. Brokers can work alone or they can hire agents to work for them
o • Carpet Area is the area enclosed within the walls, actual area to lay the carpet. This area does not include the thickness of the inner walls. It is the actual used area of an apartment/office unit/showroom etc.
o • Built up Area is the carpet area plus the thickness of outer walls and the balcony.
o • Super Built Up Area is the built up area plus proportionate area of common areas such as the lobby, lifts shaft, stairs, etc. The plinth area along with a share of all common areas proportionately divided amongst all unit owners makes up the Super Built-up area. Sometimes it may also include the common areas such, swimming pool, garden, clubhouse, etc. This term is therefore only applicable in the case of multi-dwelling units.
Lease is defined under Section 105 of The Transfer of Property Act,1882 and a lease of immoveable property is a transfer of a right to enjoy such property for a certain time or in perpetuity on consideration to be rendered periodically or on specified occasions, while a license is defined in Section 52 of the Indian Easement Act,1882 and it does not create any interest in the premises in favour of the licensee excepting a mere right to use and occupy the premises for a limited duration. Both documents have now to be registered. A lease deed is required to be stamped and registered. However the stamp duty payable on lease is more than on Leave and License for a period up to three years. For a period exceeding three years the stamp duty is same for both agreements. The implications of entering into a lease agreement would be: i) That stamp duty would have to be paid ii) That the document would have to be registered iii) That Municipal taxes may go up iv) Of course, Income-tax would have to be paid on your income; and v) The question of Wealth-tax would have to be considered. One property is exempt from Wealth-tax. However, if you have any other property, this implication would have to be considered.
A draft Sale Deed, containing full details of the parties, advance amount paid, mode of balance amount payable, receipt of the balance amount by the seller, handing over the original documents of the property, handing over the possession of the property, handing over the authorization letter to transfer power and water meters, signing of the application for transfer of khatha, title of the seller of the property, indemnifying the purchaser in case of defect in the title, easement rights, will be prepared by the purchaser's advocate. Such draft Sale Deed should be captioned as draft Sale Deed and shall be signed by the purchaser's advocate.
Leasehold Property is property leased to a lessee for a stipulated period. The Lessee pays lease premium and annual lease amount as fixed and mutually agreed by the Lessor and lessee. The land ownership rights remain with the Lessor and a prior sale-permission is normally required if you plan to transfer the property
When you are selecting an area to live in, always check for the points below:
1. Power availability Drainage sewerage
2. Garbage disposal system
3. Street lighting
4. Roads & transport links
5. Proximity to market
6. Post office
7. Banks, school
8. Police stations
9. Medical facilities
A person may acquire immovable property in any of the following way
* By inheritance of ancestral property.
* Through will.
* Acquisition by oneself such as purchase etc.
* Through gift, trust, settlement deeds.
* Grant, sanad / Inam by the Government
Through decree of Court.
There are two ways of acquisition:
* By act of parties.
Example: Purchase, gift etc.
* By operation of law
Example: Inheritance, decree of Court etc.
A testamentary document by which a person bequeaths his property to be effective on his death is a will. The property will devolve on the person in whose favour it is bequeathed after death of testator.
In order to avoid disputes in implementation of a will, description of property and the beneficiaries should be clearly be written without giving room for any doubt.
It is not compulsory to register. Executants may register at his option. It is better to register the will. If original is lost a certified copy can be obtained from Sub-Registrar Office.
The testator can cancel his will at anytime during his lifetime. Such cancellation deed requires a Stamp duty of Rs.100-00
If executant of a will wishes to rectify, add to will may do so during his lifetime. This is called codicil. This document does not require stamp duty.
A certified copy of a registered will is available to the testator only during his lifetime. After his death anybody can obtain after producing proof of death of testator
Following is the duties and liabilities of buyers and sellers
Before sale
liabilities of seller Liabilities of purchaser
*To inform defects in the property
*To provide records of right
*To execute sale deed Payment of consideration
*To pay of the liabilities on the property Rights
* Rights of seller Rights of buyer
* To get rent and profits Right of encumbrance on consideration already paid
After completion of sale
Liabilities of seller Liabilities of purchaser
*To hand over possession Liability on accidental or loss to the property
Information about right
*To hand over records of rights after receipt of consideration Duty to pay taxes and liabilities after taking possession of property
Rights of seller Rights of buyer
If consideration is due encumbrance on property of such dues Incremental value/profit on property
Though there are rights and duties the purchaser should carefully examine the following matters;
1) Original documents.
2) How did the seller acquire the property.
3) Encumbrance Certificate of the property for a minimum period of 15 years from Sub Registry Office to know if there are any encumbrances on the property to be purchased.
4) Verify from the concerned court if there are any litigations on the property to be purchased.
5) Verify if there are any litigations, objections in revenue, municipal offices about inheritance or any other matter.
6) If seller is a power of attorney holder, it should be verified from the principal and if such power of attorney is genuine and whether it is still in force.
7) It should be verified whether the transaction is opposed to public policy under Section 22A of the Registration Act, 1908. If so the document will not be registered.
8) If the Property is a granted land to the member of scheduled caste and scheduled tribe, it should be verified if the transaction is in contravention of the terms and conditions of grant and whether permission of the Government is obtained for transfer.
Any person, above 18 years of age and not a party to the document may sign as witness
In order to identify genuineness of the persons executing the document, signature of identifying witness are obtained. Without such witness, registering officer may refuse registration.
No. It is wrong to say that ownership is transferred by getting General Power of Attorney. Persons purchasing property must get the sale deed registered. This principle applies to other kinds of transactions also.
A person who has attained majority may execute power of attorney in favour of another person who has attained majority including family members like brother, sister, father and mother to act on his behalf. If a power of attorney is executed to sell property in favour of relatives other than those mentioned above, 2 percent stamp duty shall be paid on market value of such property. If a power of attorney is executed in favour of developers, Builders of apartment, 4 percent stamp duty shall be paid on market value of such property. (see article 5(f) & 41(a), 41(ea), Schedule to Karnataka Stamp Act 1957).
a. GPA automatically gets cancelled on the death of Executant.
b. Principal (Executant) may cancel it any time.
(a) Power of Attorney executed by a person in favour of another to act on his behalf for specific purpose is called Special Power of Attorney.
(b) If a person is unable to go over to registry office to present a document executed in his favour or to admit execution of document executed (signed) by him, such power of attorney shall be authenticated or attested by a Sub Registrar. Otherwise they are not acceptable for the purpose of registration.
They need not be registered. But General Power of Attorney containing authority to present or admit execution of a document executed by the principle is not acceptable for such presentation or admission of execution unless they are attested or authenticated by a Sub Registrar.
Documents of 30 years have to be checked for Title
Sale of the property can be challenged.